When we call someone we use a special case which is called Vocative=Κλητική.
Γιώργο, μ' ακούς; George, are you listening?
Καθίστε,
κύριε Παπαδόπουλε! Please sit down,
Mr Papadopoulos!
Παιδιά!
Ησυχία! Children! Be quite!
Usually we
call someone by his name or his occupation or relation to us:
Καλημέρα, στρατηγέ! Good morning, general!
Τι
έχω, γιατρέ μου; What is wrong with me, my doctor?
Πάτερ Κωνσταντίνε! Father Konstantinos! (When talking to a priest)
Πού είσαι, φίλε; Where are you (my) friend?
The vocative differs from the nominative only
for (most) masculine singular nouns.
Masculine
names ending in -ας, -ης, -ούς, -ές: We omit the -ς to form the Vocative.
Ονομαστική Nominative
|
Κλητική Vocative
|
Ο Γιάννης
Ο Λεωνίδας
Ο παππούς
Ο γλετζές
|
Γιάννη!
Λεωνίδα!
Παππού!
Γλετζέ!
|
Masculine ending in -ος:
Usually the form the Vocative in -ε, but sometimes
in -ο and sometimes in
both -ε and –ο
Ονομαστική Nominative
|
Κλητική Vocative
|
Ο κύριος
Ο δάσκαλος
Ο Αλέξανδρος
Ο Παύλος
Ο Νίκος
|
Κύριε!
Δάσκαλε!
Αλέξανδρε!
Παύλε! But
also Παύλο!
Νίκο!
|
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OK, Let`s try
it again. Grammar…
Well, It is
time to remember that we can form 3 categories of masculine nouns depending on the number of syllables that
they have and the stress mark on them.
·
οξύτονα, oxitona
nouns if they have the stress mark on the last syllable like the words ουρανός,
Νικολός
·
παροξύτονα, paroxitona
nouns if they have the stress mark on the second syllable
before the last one lke
the nouns δρόμος, Λυκούργος
·
προπαροξύτονα, proparoxitona
if they have the stress mark on the third syllable before the last one, like
the nouns άγγελος, Αλέξανδρος
From
the above, the nouns that are not proper names form the vocative in– ε (with
some exceptions like ο γέρος vocative γέρο, or
have double types like ο καπετάνιος vocative
καπετάνιο and
καπετάνιε).
But,
for the proper names in Vocative:
·
We say: Νικολό,
Δημητρό
(and not Νικολέ,
Δημητρέ)
whereas the other nouns are forming the Vocative in –ε
(ο ουρανός vocative
ουρανέ,
ο ποταμός vocative
ποταμέ).
·
We say: Αλέκο,
Γιώργο,
Νίκο,
Μάρκο
(and not Αλέκε,
Γιώργε,
Νίκε,
Μάρκε)
whereas the other nouns are forming the Vocative in –ε
(ο δρόμος vocative
δρόμε,
ο λύκος vocative
λύκε,
ο ταχυδρόμος vocative
ταχυδρόμε).
·
But we do say :
Αλέξανδρε, Γεράσιμε, Τηλέμαχε, Φίλιππε, exactly
as we form the Vocative in –ε
for the other nouns (ο άγγελος vocative
άγγελε,
ο διάβολος vocative
διάβολε,
ο δήμαρχος vocative
δήμαρχε,
ο δάσκαλος vocative
δάσκαλε).
The proper name Παύλος appears
with two different types
in Vocative (Παύλο and Παύλε).
In short:
Oxitona nouns do not usually form the Vocative in –ε.
Paroxitona nouns form sometimes the Vocative
in –ε, but usually in –ο.
Proparoxitona nouns usually form the Vocative in –ε.